https://inews.co.uk/news/world/expats-fleeing-brexit-barcelona-madrid-3007859#:~:text=MADRID%20%E2%80%93%20Barcelona%20and%20Madrid%20are,US%20gun%20culture%2C%20experts%20say.
“Italy’s Trenitalia, which says further routes could link Spain and Italy, will run the service.” https://www.euronews.com/travel/2022/12/15/paris-to-madrid-new-high-speed-train-will-slash-travelling-time-between-major-european-cap